Issue 47

Y. Mizuno et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 47 (2019) 209-220; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.47.16 220 Thus, in the construction state, the suspension system is the most efficient system and the arch system is the most inefficient system from the aspect of material quantity. In contrast, in the retrofitted state, the suspension system is the most inefficient system and the arch system is the most efficient system from the aspect of material property. The superiority of each structural system is dependent upon whether it is a new construction or reinforced structure. C ONCLUSION n this study, we established an analysis method based on a “Structural Form Correlation Chart”, which showed the change of structural form throughout the life cycle of bridges including construction processes. We then systematized the relationships between the structural forms in the completed state and construction processes including retrofitting existing bridges. In addition, we revealed the peculiarities of four fundamental structural systems such as the applicability of structural systems and the efficiency of material and time corresponding to the three states of construction, completed, and retrofitted. We will improve this theory in future studies to develop innovative construction processes and bridge designs while focusing on more example analyses in a quantitative manner. R EFERENCES [1] Mikami, Y. (1996). Kenchiku Shiryo Kenkyusha CO., LTD., Zokei in Japanese, pp. 74–81. [2] Frei, O. (1976). Form and Structure. Harper Collins Distribution Services. [3] Schlaich, M. (2006). Challenges in Education–Conceptual and Structural Design IABSE Symposium Report, IABSE Symposium, Budapest 2006: Responding to Tomorrow's Challenges in Structural Engineering, pp. 20–26. [4] Kubota, Y. (2009). Fundamental Study on the Method Used for the Operations on the Structure and Form of a Bridge, J. Japan Soc. Civ. Eng., 65(1), pp. 64–76. [5] Kubota, Y. (2010). Systematization of structures and forms of truss systems, 34TH International Symposium on Bridge and Structural Engineering, pp. 1–5. [6] Firth, I. and Cooper, D. (2018). New Materials for New Bridges –– Halgavor Bridge, UK, Struct. Eng. Int., 12(2), pp. 80–83. [7] IABSE (2016). The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, Turkey. Available at: [8] https://www.iabse.org/IABSE/association/Award_files/Outstanding_Structure_Award/YSSB_Turkey.aspx [9] Sato, T., Kaneko, K., and Kajima K. (2013). Adoption of the Lowering Construction Method of Raise type RC Fixed Arch Bridge Takatakinozawa Bridge in Japanese, The 57th Hokkaido Development Technology Research Presentation. [10] Otsuka, S., Minami, D., Yoshida, M., Kondo, H., Miyama, Y., and Shibuya, D. (2017). Design and Construction of make more Rationalized Truss by Sandwich Composite Slab: Nagatani Bridge, Bridge and Foundation Engineering, 51(3), pp. 25–30. [11] Suzuki, T., Wakatsuki, K., and Manabe, H., Nishi, H. (2004). Reinforcement Design and Construction of Kireuriwari viaduct––Confirmation of Reinforcement Effect of Hinge Ramen Bridge using Lower String Cables in Japanese, Proceedings of Symposium on the Development of Prestressed Concrete 13, pp.45–54. I