Issue 47

Y. Mizuno et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 47 (2019) 209-220; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.47.16 219 Table 5 : Structural change list No. 2 for newly constructed bridges. Table 6 : Effectiveness in each structure system. Material Time Lowering Method ○ △ Overhanging Arch Erection Method with Truss ○ × Arch Center Method × ○ Balanced Cantilever Method ◎ △ Launching Erection Method △ ◎ Span by Span Construction Method × ◎ Single ‐ Operation Method with Floating Crane or Pontoon × ◎ Fixed Timbering Erection Method × ◎ Construction Method / Names of Completed Bridge Efficiency （ Dimensionless ） Transition Construction Process Constructed Completed Retrofitted Retrofitting Efficient because of the material efficiency More efficient because of the material efficiency Low efficiency Efficient because of the material efficiency Web System (Beam System) Diagonal System (Beam System) Efficient at both time and material because of being used as a cantilever Efficient because of the material efficiency Efficient Efficient if being used as a diagonal system Low efficiency More efficient because of the material efficiency Efficient Efficient for Supporting exisiting spanning systems Triangular Coordinate System Suspension System (Spanning System) Arch System (Spanning System)