Issue 36

M. Ouarabi et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 36 (2016) 112-118; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.36.11 116 where: 2 3 4 ( ) 0.64( ) 1.73( ) 3.98( ) 1.96( ) a a a a a f w w w w w     (10) In the present work a similar methodology has been followed considering that physically a flat specimen will vibrate in resonance at 20 kHz. The main idea is to find the shape function for a flat specimen with a thickness of 1.2 mm. The proposed method consists in modeling a plane 2D geometry by using FEM software. Considering the specimen small thickness and the problem symmetry, only half of the specimen geometry was modeled assuming plane stress condition, and a singular element (Barsum element) was placed at different lengths representing the crack tip (as shown in Fig. 4a). Numerical value of  K was obtained by FEA. For this problem, we use this equation defined in plane stress: 0 ( ) d a K E U g a w    (11) 2 3 4 ( ) 0.2363( ) 1.0600( ) 1.7067( ) 1.4397( ) a a a a a g w w w w w     (12) The resulting mode I stress intensity factor range as a function of the ratio between crack length, a , and the width of the specimen, w, is plotted in Fig. 4b. The obtained values are for an amplitude displacement U 0 of 1 µm. Note that since crack opening cannot be measured in real time at 20 kHz the range of the effective stress intensity factor has been computed by considering the positive part of the loading cycle only. The crack is assumed to be closed during the compression part of the loading cycle. Of course, with this procedure the range of the effective stress intensity factor is a little bit overestimated, but according to the authors, up to now this is only way to assess it at 20 kHz [4]. Figure 4 : Modeling of a crack in a flat specimen of 1.2 mm thickness, a) field of the mode I stress intensity factor, b) Stress intensity factor range as a function of (a/w) for a flat specimen. R ESULTS he S-N curve of the studied steel has been obtained on specimens with zinc coated, at room temperature, with water-cooling, under fully reversed tension-compression (Fig. 5). A large scatter in fatigue life can be observed. The blue points show the specimens that break during the test, while the red ones represent the specimens that did not break at 10 9 cycles. The fatigue strength at one thousand millions of cycles can be observed around 352 MPa. On the other hand, the experiments on crack growth flat specimens of 1.2 mm thickness demonstrated that such thin samples can be tested at high frequencies (20 kHz). In Fig. 8, the results of crack propagation test show that the threshold value of the stress intensity range is around 7 MPa√m for the CP1000 steel. This is in agreement with literature for steel [1]. SEM observations of the fracture surfaces of crack initiation specimens show that crack initiated either at the surface on rolling defect, Fig. 6 ( a and b), or on corner defect, Fig. 7( a and b). T