Issue 36

T. Fekete, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 36 (2016) 99-111; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.36.10 110  The analyses performed in Hungary during the second half of the 1980s were based on an analytical solution of the underlying thermo-elastic problem. The overcooling sequences were selected based on engineering judgments, and this resulted in a limited set of transients. The Structural Mechanics calculations were based on the ‘force method’ that has been widely used in mechanical engineering since the early days of the field of strength of materials. The fracture mechanics module worked with LEFM methodology. The ageing characteristics of structural materials were derived from the experimental results of the surveillance program.  The PTS project conducted in the first half of the 1990s made a larger effort in selecting the overcooling sequences and their assessments. This lead to a larger set of transients and results, so the reliability of results increased. The analysis methodology was based on analytical solutions of the underlying problem. The fracture mechanics module worked with LEFM methodology. The ageing characteristics of structural materials were derived from the experimental results of the surveillance program.  After the Millennium, the numerical problem-solving methodology has been changed fundamentally, as higher- capacity IT infrastructure and large-scale FE software tools became available. A more detailed FE model has been developed and tested. The team developed a simpler linear model of the RPV and a more detailed model for studying the plastic effects occurring during PTS transients. The number of overcooling sequences has increased significantly. The neutron-transport calculations provided more precise results concerning neutron-physics data. That made it possible for the ageing assessments to lower the uncertainty of results. The increasing number of selected transients and the more complex models led to more resource-demanding calculations; however, they also made the deeper understanding of the problem domain possible. For lack of space, a more detailed presentation of results is left for future publications. The main conclusion of the review of the various PTS projects carried out in Hungary during the last three decades is that in projects with industrial relevance, both the simplified engineering models and the highly sophisticated simulation tools have their own application domain; in each project it is the responsibility of the analysts to find a balance between the goals of the study; the complexity of the approach chosen for problem-solving; the available resources; and the time limits. The purpose of the research is to achieve a deeper understanding of the problem and develop robust engineering tools that can be used in later projects. A CKNOWLEDGMENT he kind help of Dr. J. Gadó and Dr. F. Gillemot for many years is gratefully acknowledged. The support of Dr. Á. Horváth, Prof. P. Trampus and Prof. L. Tóth is thankfully acknowledged. The work of L. Tatár, D. Antók and J. Pirkó is kindly acknowledged. R EFERENCES [1] Blauel, J.G. et. al., An Updated and extended Safety Analysis for the Reactor Pressure Vessel of the Nuclear Power Plant Stade (KKS). in: F. Gillemot (Editor) IAEA Specialist's Meeting on Integrity of Pressure Components of Reactor Systems. Paks 1992 May. IAEA, Vienna, (1993) 15–26. [2] Fekete, T., Methodological Developments in the Field of Structural Integrity Analyses of Large Scale Reactor Pressure Vessels in Hungary, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 36 (2016) 79-99; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.36.09. [3] HAEA, Evaluation of brittle-fracture resistance of VVER-440/213 reactor pressure vessel for normal operation, hydrostatic test, pressurized thermal shock (PTS) and unanticipated operating occurrences, Regulatory Guide No 3.18 (Ver. 3), HAEA, Budapest, (2013). [4] IAEA, Guidelines on Pressurized Thermal Shock Analysis for WWER Nuclear Power Plants Revision 1, IAEA-EBP- WWER-08(1), IAEA, Vienna, (2006). [5] Iskander, K., et al.; Reactor Pressure Vessel Structural Implications of Embrittlement to the Pressurized-Thermal Shock Scenario. ASTM STP 909. ASTM, Philadelphia, (1986) 163–176. [6] Marie, S., Menager, Y., Chapuliot, S., Stress intensity factors for underclad and through clad defects in a reactor pressure vessel submitted to a pressurised thermal shock, Int J of Press Vess and Piping, 82 (2005) 746–760. [7] Marie, S., Chapuliot, S., Improvement of the calculation of the stress intensity factors for underclad and through-clad defects in a reactor pressure vessel subjected to a pressurised thermal shock, Int J of Press Vess and Piping, 85 (2008) 517–531. T