Issue 35

L. Songsong et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 35 (2016) 74-81; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.35.09 79 T HE POSITION WHERE THE SECONDARY CRACK APPEARS t can be seen from Fig. 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 that the secondary cracks, on the L-T plane, located a certain distance away from the main cracks. Analysis with empirical equations and finite element (FE) simulation were performed to investigate the relationship between the value of this distance and the crack tip plastic zone size. In the condition of small scale yielding, the curve equation of the crack tip plasticity boundaries, as shown in Fig. 9, under Mises criterion is as follows [18]:                         2 2 2 I 2 s 2 2 2 2 p 2 I s cos 1+3sin planestress 2πσ 2 2 cos 1- 2ν +3sin planestrain 2π r 2 2 = σ K θ θ K θ θ (1) where θ is defined as the upward inclination from the horizontal and ν is Poisson's ratio. Figure 9 : Sketch map of crack tip plastic zone. It is acceptable that the crack tip is in small scale yielding state for case of the edge notch specimens used in this study when the secondary cracks initiate on the surface. Since the secondary cracks usually initiate above or below the main crack tip, θ in Eq. (1) is set to be 90 degree in the calculation. The calculation results are listed in Tab. 1 for specimen L-T- 2-1, L-T-2-2 and L-T-3-1. Since the specimens are thin sheet, the calculation is based on the equation for plain stress. Although the specimen configurations and the clapping mode were slightly different in test type II and III, the section as shown in Fig. 10(a) could be regarded as an edge cracked plane subjected to uniaxial stress state. Finite element simulation was performed for this section. Considering the symmetry, a 1/2 plane model was used here and the boundary conditions and the meshing was illustrated in Fig. 10(b) and (c). Line AB is the crack surface. Symmetry constraint was applied to line BC. Constraint in x direction and uniformly distributed load in y direction are applied to line DE. The three specimens, i.e. L-T-2-1, L-T-2-2 and L-T-3-1, are all simulated. The widths and crack lengths of the FE models and the applied stress levels are in accord with those in the corresponding tests. The material behavior is assumed to be elastic-plastic isotropic to acquire the crack tip stress field. The trilinear constitutive mode is adopted with  e = 450 MPa,  0.2 = 481 MPa,  b = 532 MPa, which were obtained from the  -  curve of the mechanical property test. (a) (b) (c) Figure 10 : FE model and crack tip meshing (the meshing size of crack tip is 0.01mm).