Issue 35

Chahardehi et al, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 35 (2016) 41-49; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.35.05 47 influences of crack length, stress range, thickness, and material properties, providing a complicated picture. However, some of the better-established trends have not been transferred to codes and standards. A full review of the existing empirical formulae based on R-ratio, and also a full review of historic evolution of codes and standards is beyond the scope of the paper, and should be conducted in the future. A CKNOWLEDGEMENT he authors would like to personally thank Prof Feargal Brennan of Cranfield University and Mr David Linkens of Atkins for their support. R EFERENCES [1] BS7910 : 2013 – Guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures, British Standards Institution (2013). [2] Maddox, S.J., The effect of mean stress on fatigue crack propagation – A literature review, Int. J. Frac., 11 (1975) 389- 408. [3] King, R.N., A review of fatigue crack growth rates in air and seawater, HSE Offshore Technology Report OTH 511 (1998), Health and Safety Executive, UK. [4] ESDU 80036 with Amendments A and B, Introduction to the use of linear elastic fracture mechanics in estimating fatigue crack growth rates and residual strength of components, Engineering Science Data Unit (1996). [5] ASTM E647-13 ae1, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates, American Society for Testing and Materials (2013). [6] DNV, Fatigue strength of mobile offshore units, Classification Note No. 30.2, Det Norske Veritas, Norway (1984). [7] Almen, J.O., Black, P.H., Residual Stresses and Fatigue in Metals, McGraw-Hill, New York (1963). [8] Gerber, T.L., Fuch, H.O., Analysis of Nonpropagating Fatigue Cracks in Notch Parts with Compressive Mean Stress, J. Mat., 3 (1968) 359-374. [9] Hubbard, R.P., Crack Growth under Cyclic Compression, J. Basic Eng., TRANS. ASME, Series D, 91 (1969) 625- 631. [10] Suresh, S., Crack initiation in cyclic compression and its application, Eng. Frac. Mech., 21 (1985) 453-463. DOI:10.1016/S0013-7944(85)80038-2 [11] Fleck, N.A., Shin, C.S., Smith, R.A., Fatigue crack growth under compressive loading, Eng. Frac. Mech., 21 (1985) 173-185. DOI:10.1016/0013-7944(85)90063-3 [12] Solis, J., Lapetra C., Dominguez J., Crack Initiation under Compression Fatigue in Tough Ceramics, 9th Eur. Conf. Frac (1992). [13] Pippan, R., The growth of short cracks under cyclic compression, Fatigue Frac. Eng. Mat. Struc., 9 (1987) 319-328. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00459.x [14] Hermann, R., Fatigue crack growth in ductile materials under cyclic compressive loading, Fatigue Frac. Eng. Mat. Struc., 17 (1994) 93-103. DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00775.x [15] Kasaba, K., Sano, T., Kudo, S., Shoji, T., Katagiri, K., Sato, T., Fatigue crack growth under compressive loading, J. Nuclear Mat. 258-263 (1998) 2059-63. [16] Yu, M.T., Topper, H., Au, P., The effect of stress ratio, compressive load and underload on the threshold behaviour of a 2024-T351 aluminium alloy, Fatigue 84 – 2nd Int. Conf. Fatigue and Fatigue Threshold, Birmingham (1984) 179- 190. [17] Tack, A.J., Beevers, C.J., The influence of compressive loading on fatigue crack propagation in three aerospace bearing steels, 4th Int. Conf. Fatigue and Fatigue Threshold, Honolulu (1990) 1179-1184. [18] Pommier, S., Cyclic plasticity and variable amplitude fatigue, Int. J. Fatigue, 25 (2003) 983-997. DOI:10.1016/S0142- 1123(03)00137-3. [19] Saal, H., Fatigue crack growth in notched parts with compressive mean load, J. Basic Eng. 94 (1972) 243-247. DOI:10.1115/1.3425376 [20] Dugdale, D.S., Yielding of steel sheets containing slits, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 8 (1960) 100-104. DOI: 10.1016/0022- 5096(60)90013-2. T