Issue 13

F. Iacoviello et alii, Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, 13 (2010) 3-16; DOI: 10.3221/IGF-ESIS.13.01 15 DCI, implying an evident graphite nodules plastic debonding with an evident matrix plastic deformation. Corresponding to highe K values, a matrix plastic deformation is obtained and, corresponding to the lower K values, the “mechanical obstruction” is more important, implying a partial graphite nodule disgregation. Comparing the fatigue crack propagation resistance of the investigated pearlitic and ferritic DCI, the consequence is evident: higher R and  K values implies an increase of the importance of the ductile debonding in ferritic DCI, with a consequent increase of the crack closure effect importance and, consequentely, obtaining lower crack growth rate values for the same loading conditions. Ferritic-pearlitic GJS500-7 and austempered DCI are characterized by an analogous phases distribution, with a pearlitic or bainitic matrix, and ferrite grains as shields around graphite nodules (more evident for the GJS500-7). Considering that both pearlite and bainite are characterized by lower ductility values if compared to ferrite, it is possible to propose an additional crack closure effect mechanism. This mechanism is connected to the peculiar phases distribution and to their different mechanical behaviour. During fatigue loading, with K that ranges between K max and K min , deformation level in the involved phases (ferrite and pearlite or bainite) is quite different: - Corresponding to K max , due to the higher ferrite ductility, plastic deformation level in ferritic shields is higher than in pearlitic or bainitic matrix; - Nearby K min values, pearlitic (or bainitic) matrix induces a compression stress state on ferritic shields and, consequentely, on graphite nodules, with a consequent increase of crack closure effect importance. Both GJS500- 7 and austempered DCI show the higher fatigue crack propagation resistance, mainly corresponding to higher R and  K values. The proposed mechanism is connected both to the different mechanical behaviour of ferrite and pearlite (or bainite) and to the peculiar phases distribution. In fact, considering the ferritic-pearlitic DCI obtained by means of an annealing of a pearlitic DCI, ferrite is not localized as ferritic shields around graphite nodules. As a consequence, the additional crack closure mechanism could not be activated and fatigue behaviour of the ferritic-pearlitic DCI obtained by means of an annealing of a pearlitic DCI is analogous to the the behaviour of the pearlitic DCI (Fig. 13 and 14) . As conclusion, DCI fatigue crack propagation resistance is strongly affected both by graphite nodulization level and by microstructure, with the phases distribution that plays a key role especially for higher R or  K values. R EFERENCES [1] C. Labrecque, M. Gagne, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 37 (1998) 343. [2] R.G. Ward, An Introduction to the Physical Chemistry of Iron and Steel Making, Arnold, London (1962). [3] K. Tokaji, T. Ogawa, K. Shamoto, Fatigue, 16 (1994) 344. [4] K. Selby, Int. J. of Fatigue, 12 (1982) 124. [5] F.D. Griswold Jr., R.I. Stephens, Int. J. of Fatigue 1 (1987) 3. [6] K. Tokaji. T. Ogawa, K. Shamoto, Fatigue, 16 (1994) 344. [7] G.L. Greno, J.L. Otegui, R.E. Boeri, Int. J. of Fatigue, 21 (1999) 35. [8] J. Pokluda, J. Svejcar, In: Fatigue 99, Pechino (1999) 487. [9] J. Zuidema, L. Wijnmaalen, C. van Eldijk in Fatigue 99, Pechino (1999) 2071. [10] P. Hübner , H. Schlosser, G. Pusch, H. Biermann, Int. J. of Fatigue, 29 (2007) 1788. [11] F. Iacoviello, W. Polini, La Metallurgia Italiana, 7-8 (2000) 31. [12] F. Iacoviello, M. Cavallini, In: 28° Convegno Nazionale AIM, Milano (2000) 1029. [13] F. Iacoviello, M. Cavallini, La Metallurgia Italiana, 1 (2003) 31. [14] F. Iacoviello, V. Di Cocco, In: International Conference on Fatigue Crack Paths, Parma (2003), 116 [15] F. Iacoviello, O. Di Bartolomeo, M. Cavallini, In: Convegno Nazionale AIM, Vicenza (2004), 19. [16] M. Cavallini, O. Di Bartolomeo, F. Iacoviello, In: International Conference on Crack Paths (CP2006), Parma (2006) 13. [17] M. Cavallini, A. De Santis, O. Di Bartolomeo, D. Iacoviello, F. Iacoviello, In: 31° Convegno Nazionale AIM, Milano (2006) 31. [18] V. Di Cocco, F. Iacoviello, F. Franzese, In: Convegno IGFXIX, Milano (2007) 7. [19] M. Cavallini, O. Di Bartolomeo, F. Iacoviello, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 75 (2008) 694. [20] V. Di Cocco, F. Iacoviello, F. Franzese, In: XXXII Convegno Nazionale AIM, Ferrara (2008) 38. [21] F. Iacoviello, V. Di Cocco, F. Franzese, In: Convegno IGFXX, Torino (2009). [22] ASTM Standard test Method for Measurements of fatigue crack growth rates (E647-93), Annual Book of ASTM Standards (1993), 0301, American Society for Testing and Materials.