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The effects of microstructure on fatigue behaviour in beta Ti-22V-4Al alloyare studied. A wide variety of microstructures were prepared with heat treatment, whichwere classified into three groups, as-solution treated materials, solution treated and agedmaterials, and duplex-aged materials. Rotary bending fatigue tests have been conductedusing smooth specimens in laboratory air at ambient temperature. Based on obtainedexperimental results, the role of microstructural variables such as grain size and alphaprecipitates in fatigue behaviour is discussed. Particular attention is paid to subsurfacecrack initiation.