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A new kind of cementitious composite with high toughness, which is usedas the cover layer of bridge and highway, is examined by means of the multiscalematerial design theory. The primary mechanical properties and the crack path of thedesigned cementitious composite are predicted by a revised lattice model based on themeso-structure of the cementitious composite scanned by a micro-CT (micro-focuscomputational tomography). Further, the reliability of the modeling results is verifiedby laboratory experimental test results. The primary mechanical properties of thedesigned cementitious cover layer are obtained from static bending tests. The resultsshow that multiscale components of the cementitious composites can be effectivelyselected and optimized by the multiscale material design theory. Finally, the optimizedmix proportion and the appropriate latex additions are determined for the cementitiouscover layer with high toughness.